In general, people learn better from a combination of words and graphics than from words alone. Graphics in the form of images, videos, animations, etc. The following principles will help you develop more effective videos and educational tutorials that result in better retention and transfer.
Coherence
Delete extraneous material such as images or text not related to the instruction. People are better able to focus on the essential material if we eliminate extraneous material that could distract them.
Signaling
Highlight essential material. People will learn more efficiently if the lesson is designed to call their attention to the important material in the lesson and how it is organized.
Redundancy
Don’t add onscreen text to narrated videos. People may waste precious processing capacity by trying to reconcile the two verbal streams of information or may focus on the printed words rather than the relevant portions of the graphics
Spatial contiguity
People learn more deeply from a multimedia message when corresponding printed words and graphics are presented near rather than far from each other on the page or screen. Spatial contiguity helps learners build connections between corresponding words and graphics.
Temporal contiguity
Present spoken words at same time as corresponding graphics. It helps learners build connections between corresponding words and graphics
Segmenting
Break lessons into learner-paced parts. Allows learners to fully process one step in the process before having to move onto the next one.
Pre-training
Present characteristics of key concepts before lesson. Allows students to focus on the causal connections in the multimedia explanation because they already know the names and characteristics of the key elements.
Modality
Use spoken words rather than printed words. Students learn more deeply from a multimedia message when the words are spoken rather than printed.
